Abstract
ABSTRACT In order to find out the main factors influenced the hatchability and improve the hatchability of the windowed chicken eggs at stage X, several experiments were made on the basis of the former patent of eggshell windowing methods on equatorial plane, such as cutting and sealing techniques, air cell recovering, laying position immediately after sealing, as well as the injection volumes into the subgerminal cavity of the blastoderm. The result showed that:1) the best sealing material combination was straw powder (SP) and instant glue (IG); 2) there was a highly positive correlation between air cell rate and hatchability; 3) the highest hatchability increased to 71.6% when the eggs were windowed and sealed with IG dropped firstly and then SP sprinkled, finally lay down with the blunt end upward immediately after being sealed; 4) the hatchability was significantly reduced as injection volume (DMEM) was increased (p<0.05 or p<0.01) from 1 µL to 10 1 µL, and the group of injecting 1 µL was the highest (48.4 %). The hatchability and efficiency with such method of windowing, injecting, and sealing was the highest at the present time (more than 30 eggs per hour per person), and it might be broadly used in the fields of avian transgenesis, genetic resources preservation, and embryonic development model of human medicine.
Highlights
Compared with mammals, birds were deemed to be an ideal model and bioreactor for developmental biology for their shorter generation time, lower cost, higher fecundity (Stern et al, 2005)
The shell slices would turn back to cover the window along the grooves automatically when they were stripped from the sticky tape, and the windows were sealed using the following four methods respectively: 1) “straw powder together with instant glue (SP+IG)”, straw powder (SP) (FHK, Japan) was sprinkled evenly on the groove, one or two drops of instant glue (IG) (502, super glue, China) were dropped spreading along the whole grooves; 2) The yellow sticky paper tape (3M 244, Scotch Brand Tape, SBT) of side 1.2x1.5 cm was pasted, centering on the cut area and smoothed with a scalpel
The shell slices would turn back to cover the window along the grooves automatically when they were stripped from the sticky tape, and the windows were sealed by the following four methods respectively: 1) “SP+IG”: Straw powder (FHK, Japan) was firstly sprinkled on the groove evenly, one or two drops of instant glue (502, super glue, China) were dropped spreading along the whole grooves; 2) SST: The medical sterile sticky tape with side of 1.2x1.5 cm (Steri-StripTM, American) was pasted in the middle of the cut area, and carefully smoothed with a scalpel
Summary
Birds were deemed to be an ideal model and bioreactor for developmental biology for their shorter generation time, lower cost, higher fecundity (Stern et al, 2005). It showed that the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) provided a flexible and lowcost in ovo strategy model and as the CAM was an extraembryonic membrane with an extensive vascular network and it was proposed as an excellent interface for xenotransplantation (Farzaneh et al.,2018). The methods of culturing chick embryo in windowed eggs provided an easy way for genetic manipulations of the embryo (Farzaneh et al, 2018). Two methods including surrogate eggshell and eggshell windowing were reported frequently
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