Study on the effect of delayed recovery of extracellular potassium ion concentration on spiral wave

Abstract

Frequency-dependent changes in the extracellular potassium ion concentration have been added to the Luo-Rudy phase I heart model. Effects of the delayed restoration of extracellular potassium ion concentration on spiral waves are studied. Numerical simulation results show that due to the state of spiral wave, the delayed restoration of extracellular potassium ion concentration can lead to periodic oscillations of concentration, and the period and amplitude of the oscillation increase with the delayed recovery time, resulting in the emergence of various phenomena, such as the breathing spiral wave, the coexistence of multiple spiral waves, the meandering of spiral waves in the manner of Lévy flight, and the disappearance of spiral wave through different ways. These results are compatible with the experimental results.