Abstract
The excavation of large-scale underground projects produces a large amount of rubble waste material that is temporarily deposited near the project site, which forms a large-scale waste rockfill artificial slope. The slope has a granular structure, thus, during excavation and trans-shipment, surface shallow landslides may frequently occur. Existing contact monitoring methods such as buried sensors and GPS (Global Position System) are difficult to apply to the monitoring of rockfill landslides. Therefore, there are no appropriate early warning methods for waste rockfill slope landslides during dynamic transfer. Here, we used ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar to monitor the deformation of a rockfill slope during the excavation and transfer processes as a proposed method for the early warning against landslides on rockfill slopes during dynamic construction based on the radar interference measurement results. Through data cleaning and data interpolation, the line of equal displacement was generated, and the cross-sectional area of the equal displacement bodies of landslides was calculated. In addition, we established a four-level early warning grading standard, with the rate of change of the cross-sectional area of the equal displacement body as the early warning index, and realized real-time dynamic early warning of waste rockfill landslides during excavation and transportation. Finally, five landslide examples were used to verify the proposed warning method. The results show that the warning method can make an early warning 8–14 min before the occurrence of landslide, which can effectively avoid the appearance of catastrophic events.
Highlights
In recent years, the construction volume of large underground projects in China has grown [1]
To check the feasibility and reliability of the landslide warning method of rockfill slopes, the last five landslides of two different types of landslides recorded during field monitoring were used to verify the landslide warning method
The landslide early warning method established in this paper describes the deformation process of the slope through the area of equal displacement cross-section, avoiding the problem of selecting appropriate points on the slope, which has significant importance for landslide warning of loose accumulation
Summary
The construction volume of large underground projects in China has grown [1]. To effectively solve the problem of catastrophic events that may occur on the slopes of the rockfills, it is necessary to select appropriate monitoring methods, to describe the deformation process of slopes with scientific quantitative indicators, and to provide early warning for slope landslides. Through data processing of the full-field displacement results obtained from monitoring (data cleaning, data interpolation, generating equal displacement lines, etc.), we propose to describe the deformation process of the slope by using the curve of the cross-sectional area of the constant displacement body with time. By summarizing the results of the data, a landslide early warning method with an equal displacement cross-sectional area as an early warning index is proposed to achieve the real-time monitoring and early warning of rockfill landslides during construction
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