Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the distribution of characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and their association with symptoms in 1027 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods An observational study was performed by researchers, collecting data from 1036 patients with CHF from 24 Chinese medicine hospitals from May 2009 to December 2014. Due to incomplete information from nine patients, 1027 patients with CHF were analysed. The distribution of syndromes in CHF and association between high-frequency syndromes and symptoms were investigated. Results The primary syndromes were qi deficiency, blood stasis, fluid retention, yin deficiency, phlegm turbidity, and yang deficiency. The primary sites of disease were the heart, kidney, lung, and spleen. In patients with CHF of differing cardiac function, there was no significant difference in the frequency of yin deficiency (P>0.05). The distribution of yang deficiency was significantly different between New York Heat Association (NYHA) classes II, III, and IV and between classes I+II and III+IV (P<0.05). The frequency of phlegm turbidity was significantly different between NYHA classes II and III, between classes III and IV, and between classes I+II and III+IV (P<0.05). The frequency of fluid retention was significantly different between NYHA classes I and IV, between classes II, III, and IV, and between classes I+II and III+IV (P<0.05). Regarding associations between syndromes and symptoms, qi deficiency was diagnosed in 87.43% of patients with insomnia and spiritlessness; blood stasis in 84.85% of patients with spontaneous sweating + cyanosis of the lips; fluid retention in 75% of patients with a hard pulse and oedema; and yin deficiency in 72.92% of patients with feverish sensation in the chest, palms, and soles and spontaneous sweating. Conclusions The frequency of yang deficiency and fluid retention was higher and that of phlegm turbidity was lower in classes III and IV than in classes I and II.
Highlights
Chronic heart failure (CHF), which is the name given to symptomatic chronic cardiac insufficiency, mainly refers to abnormal cardiac function caused by various reasons that obstruct the heart’s pumping, causing insufficient blood output and leading to the insufficient perfusion of organs and tissues, accompanied by stasis of the systemic and/or pulmonary circulation
Based on previous research [11], this study clinically investigated the distribution of syndrome characteristics and the association of high-frequency syndromes with symptoms in patients with CHF caused by coronary heart disease from 24 Chinese medicine hospitals, in order to provide guidelines for syndrome differentiation and treatment of CHF
The syndromes identified in the 1027 patients, in descending order of frequency, were qi deficiency, blood stasis, fluid retention, yin deficiency, phlegm turbidity, yang deficiency, blood deficiency, qi stagnation, others, cold coagulation, and dryness-heat; the disease sites were heart, kidney, lung, spleen, liver, stomach, and gallbladder
Summary
Chronic heart failure (CHF), which is the name given to symptomatic chronic cardiac insufficiency, mainly refers to abnormal cardiac function caused by various reasons that obstruct the heart’s pumping, causing insufficient blood output and leading to the insufficient perfusion of organs and tissues, accompanied by stasis of the systemic and/or pulmonary circulation. It is the final stage of heart disease of various causes and the main cause of death; it has a high morbidity and mortality clinically [1, 2]. The Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure published in 2014 by the Chinese Society of Cardiology clearly establish that heart failure has a high incidence and is one of the most important contemporary cardiovascular diseases [5]
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