Abstract
Fire accidents pose a great threat to the normal operation of underwater immersed tube tunnels, and failure to control or improper control will lead to serious disaster consequences. Based on the potential risks, this work explores the characteristics on the exhaust outlets and safety doors of underwater immersed tube tunnels from the smoke extraction and personnel evacuation. First, a one-way immersed tube tunnel was established by employing FDS numerical simulation software. And the characteristic parameters of smoke extraction in tunnel fire were analyzed by referring to the structural parameters of a certain domestic immersed tube tunnel. The longitudinal velocity and the exhaust outlet opening strategy were then analyzed. Finally, Pathfinder was used to simulating and calculating the required safe evacuation time (T<sub>RSET</sub>), and through its comparison with the calculated available safe evacuation time (T<sub>ASET</sub>), the optimal safety door spacing and width were determined, which is expected to provide a reference example for studying the coupled smoke extraction characteristics of underwater immersed tunnels fire.
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