Abstract
Incidents of injuries caused by tiles falling from building exterior walls are frequently reported in Taiwan. Humidity is an influential factor in tile deterioration but it is more difficult to measure the humidity inside a building structure than the humidity in an indoor environment. Therefore, a separable microsensor was developed in this study to measure the humidity of the cement mortar layer with a thickness of 1.5–2 cm inside the external wall of a building. 3D printing technology is used to produce an encapsulation box that can protect the sensor from damage caused by the concrete and cement mortar. The sensor is proven in this study to be capable of measuring temperature and humidity simultaneously and the measurement results are then used to analyze the influence of humidity on external wall tile deterioration.
Highlights
IntroductionCeramic tiles are decoration materials commonly used on the external walls of buildings in Asia
Ceramic tiles are decoration materials commonly used on the external walls of buildings in Asia.They are subject to deterioration, loosening or falling caused by environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, sunlight exposure, acid rain, vibration or earthquakes
By collating the literature related to the deterioration of tile external walls, the results show that humidity is one of the factors that affect environmental deterioration [24]
Summary
Ceramic tiles are decoration materials commonly used on the external walls of buildings in Asia They are subject to deterioration, loosening or falling caused by environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, sunlight exposure, acid rain, vibration or earthquakes. There have been frequent incidents of injuries caused by falling tiles, the government has implemented legislation requiring that old buildings be regularly examined [1,2,3] This is a labor intensive task and the safety of buildings with tiles on their external walls could be better ensured with the development of smart and self-diagnosing external walls that use different kinds of sensors to monitor and control signs of tile deterioration. There is a large quantity of research on how to use sensors to measure and monitor humidity in indoor environments
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