Abstract
Panax ginseng is a traditional medicine. Fresh ginseng is one of the most important industries related to ginseng development, and fresh ginseng of varying ages has different medicinal properties. Previous research has not systematically reported the correlation between changes in key enzyme activity with changes in ginsenoside content in fresh ginseng over time. In this study, for the first time, we use ginseng samples of varying ages in Ji’an and systematically reported the changes in the activity of seven key enzymes (HMGR, FPS, SS, SE, DS, CYP450, and GT). We investigated the content of ginsenoside and gene expression of these key enzymes. Ginsenoside content was measured using HPLC. HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS were combined to measure the enzyme activity of the key enzymes. Quantitative PCR was used in the investigation of gene expression. By analyzing the correlation between the enzyme activity and the transcription level of the key enzymes with ginsenoside content, we found that DS and GT enzyme activities are significantly correlated with the ginsenoside content in different ages of ginseng. Our findings might provide a new strategy to discriminate between ginseng of different years. Meanwhile, this research provides important information for the in-depth study of ginsenoside biosynthesis.
Highlights
The root of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), which has been used as an important herbal medicine, has existed for thousands of years in China, Japan, and Korea [1]
DiscussioFnresh ginseng was harvested in October each year, and the development of modified Freashtmgoisnpsheenregswpaacskhinagrv(MesAtePd) einnaOblcestorbeseeraercahchonyefraers,hagnidnstehneg d[1e4v,1e9l–o2p2m]. eGnintsoefngmiosdanifiiemdpaotrmtanotspheres packingt(rMadAitiPon)aelnfaolbklemserdeisceinaercinh Cohninfrae, sJahpganin, saenndgK[o1r4ea,1[95–],2a2n].dGitisnmseendgicails eafnfecitmmpaoyrtbaenbtettrteardtihtiaonnal folk medicine in China, Japan, and Korea [5], and its medical effect may be better than wild ginseng [15]
Our results have provided correlations between the activity of key enzymes and ginsenoside content in ginseng of different years in Ji’an, China
Summary
The root of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), which has been used as an important herbal medicine, has existed for thousands of years in China, Japan, and Korea [1]. Modern medicine has evidenced that the most important active ingredient in ginseng is ginsenoside, which has significant benefits for humans including anticancer [4,5], immunomodulatory, and anti-diabetic properties [6,7], among others. The ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway of the dammarane-type has been reported by our groups [8,9,10]. Over time, and fresh ginseng, varies in its medicinal effects based on age [16]. Liu et al has reported the correlation of ginsenoside with the expression of key genes in ginseng with different cultivation times [17]. Src,i.th20e1r7e, 1h8,a2s68b2een no reports on the correlation between the ginsenosides and key oefn12zyme. 2. Resgdguiiinnflfstseesernneggn..t years of fresh ginseng, and this strategy can provide a reference for identifying the age of. FigurgregFerripo3gorw.uweTrtstehehh.n3.eTt.TschThhteheoaeltlneaecflfgthtgeaYYisnn--agsoaxeexfnisistsooorsrfteieadptpolerrteaeacsnsoleednannnttteisdsnniidtnin.ndiddviiviivvdiididuduuuaaalalllggggiiinninnsssseeeennnnoooossssiidiidddeeeecccocooonnntntteeetnnenttnstss,t,swawtahhdtiilildefefietfthrhfeeenrrretiigngahgthtetasgsiiodedfseefooroefffstfthrheeegsiYYhn--saagexxniinisgsseng growtrhe.prTehseenltesfttoYta-lagxiinssreenporseidseencotsntienndt.ividual ginsenoside contents, while the right side of the Y-axis represents total ginsenoside content
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