Abstract
Abstract Vegetation is an important factor that affects the hydrological process of a watershed. In recent years, the vegetation in the hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau has undergone significant changes, which have greatly changed the relationship between rainfall and runoff and sediment in the region. A single vegetation cover index cannot represent the important impact of vegetation grade on the effectiveness of soil and water conservation. It is of great scientific significance to deeply study the influence of the vegetation structure change mechanism in the hilly and gully area on the hydrological process of the watershed. In this article, a typical watershed in the loess hilly and gully area is used as the research object, and the method of combining field sampling experiment and remote sensing inversion is used to establish a vegetation index remote sensing model reflecting the vegetation canopy cover and litter. The impact of changes in vegetation structure on hydrological processes is quantitatively assessed. The results show that the more annual precipitation in the basin, the more sensitive the runoff coefficient is to changes in structural vegetation index. The greater the rainfall intensity, the weaker the sensitivity of the sediment yield coefficient to changes in structural vegetation index. The use of remote sensing data to retrieve the underlying surface vegetation still has the problem of the scale effect. It is necessary to further use remote sensing data with a higher spectral resolution to carry out field observations at different scales to improve the applicability of this method in a wider range of watersheds.
Highlights
The ecological and environmental security problems are becoming more and more serious, and preventing soil erosion is an important part of the ecological environment construction in the Yellow River Basin [1,2,3]
When the rainfall is greater than 450 mm, the quantitative relationship between the runoff coefficient y and the structural vegetation index x is y = 0.0431x − 0.579
On the basis of different action mechanisms of vegetation with different structures in preventing soil erosion, we explored the use of remote sensing technology to reflect the coverage of structural vegetation and constructed a remote sensing model of structural vegetation index, which provided a comparison for the evaluation and monitoring of soil erosion in Luoyugou watershed
Summary
The ecological and environmental security problems are becoming more and more serious, and preventing soil erosion is an important part of the ecological environment construction in the Yellow River Basin [1,2,3]. Foreign scholars have conducted comparative studies on the spectral characteristics of crop residues and the soil background spectral characteristics and pointed out that there are obvious differences in the amplitude of the vegetation community litter layer and the soil background in the near-infrared band, and the spectral characteristics of the two are in the shortwave infrared It is unique in the band (1,100–2,400 nm). The vegetation coverage of different vegetation communities in the study area was measured, combined with soil and water conservation coefficients to calculate the coverage of green vegetation and litter layer at sampling points and to screen out the best vegetation greenness index and yellowness index to construct The structural vegetation index remote sensing model, and through the runoff index and other indicators, establishes the influence function relationship of the structural vegetation index on the hydrological process such as runoff and sediment
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