Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 20, member C (FAM20C) is a recently discovered Golgi casein kinase, which is widely distributed in human tissues. Unlike other known kinases, FAM20C can specifically identify S-x-E/pS motifs, which phosphorylate more than 100 types of exocrine proteins and participate in various biological processes. FAM20C is highly expressed in mineralized tissues and its overexpression can promote the differentiation and mineralization of odontoblasts and osteoblasts, and its mutation can lead to abnormal development of teeth and bones. Some infants are born with Raine syndrome. Besides, it also has a great influence on non-mineralized tissues. FAM20C is not only involved in the adhesion, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, but also prevents arrhythmias by phosphorylating histidine-rich calcium-binding protein (HRC). Abnormal phosphorylation of its substrate can lead to serious diseases such as nephrarctia, anophthalmos, and others. In this paper, the structure of FAM20C and the current research progression on its biological functions are reviewed. Key words: FAM20C; Phosphorylation; Biological function
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