Abstract
To remove graphene oxide from wastewater, we used batch experiments with calcareous sand to recover GO. The adsorption properties and mechanisms of GO by calcareous sand were investigated by different characterization techniques. In this paper, the relationship between the coagulation of GO on calcareous sand and pH, calcareous sand content, GO initial concentration, and temperature was studied. The results show that calcareous sand can effectively adsorb GO from aqueous solution, the interaction of GO with calcareous sand achieved interaction equilibrium in 5 h, and the adsorption of GO by calcareous sand strongly depends on pH. The isotherm data fitted to a Langmuir equation. A possible mechanism can be expressed from FT-IR, XRD, Raman spectra, SEM, EDS, TEM, AFM, and XPS results. The test results indicate that calcareous sand is a potentially recoverable GO material.
Highlights
In recent years, GO has gained unprecedented development due to its special structure and excellent physical and chemical properties [1, 2]
Many studies have shown that the adsorption process of heavy metal ions by calcareous soil is a spontaneous endothermic process, and the adsorption capacity will increase with the increase of temperature [19, 22]
The interaction between GO and calcareous sand was systematically studied by adsorbing GO on calcareous sand
Summary
GO (graphene oxide) has gained unprecedented development due to its special structure and excellent physical and chemical properties [1, 2]. The main adsorbent for adsorbing GO is LDH It shows a high adsorption capacity for GO, its production process is complex [10, 11], and the adsorption efficiency is still to be further improved by the maturity of the technology. Calcareous soil has entered the field of adsorption of heavy metal ions [14, 15]. The adsorption of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and other heavy metal ions on calcareous soil is superior [16, 17]. Many studies have shown that the adsorption process of heavy metal ions by calcareous soil is a spontaneous endothermic process, and the adsorption capacity will increase with the increase of temperature [19, 22]. The interaction between GO and calcareous sand has not been extensively studied systematically, calcareous sand is rich in calcium ions which can cause GO to solidify and adsorb to calcareous sand, and that the absorption of toxic GO from excess calcareous sand in the ocean, which could leak into the natural world, could make proper
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