Abstract
The predicted anti-oxidation is related to apoptosis, proliferation, lipid metabolism, cell differentiation, and immune response. There are some differences in the antioxidant capacity of the four typical components of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) including ginkgo flavone (GF), ginkgolide (G), procyanidins (OPC), and organic acids (OA), and any two members of them can exhibit apparent synergistic effects. The order of DPPH scavenging ability was: OPC > GF > OA > G. The scavenging ability of procyanidins was close to that of VC; the scavenging capacity of ABTS was GF > OPC > OA > G. The GF:OPC (1:9) showed the best synergism in scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals. The 193 kinds of small molecules reported in EGb were obtained by analyzing the properties of EGb. In order to construct a corresponding biological activity target set, molecular docking and the network pharmacology method were employed to build the molecular action mechanism network of a compound target, and the main biological functions and signaling pathways involved with their antioxidant activities were predicted. The results displayed that the top ten compounds which belonged to the two broad categories, ginkgo flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, could interact closely with several important target proteins (CASP3, SOD2, MAPK1, HSPA4, and NQO1). This would be expected to lay a theoretical foundation for the deep development of Ginkgo biloba extract.
Highlights
At present, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) can be regarded as a typical representative of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which displays multi-component, multi-target, and multi-activity characteristics [1]
The two components (Ginkgo flavone and ginkgolide) were prepared from EGb, while proanthocyanidins and organic acids were extracted from the corresponding Ginkgo biloba leaves by deep eutectic solvents
The 193 compounds with good bioavailability were obtained by a drug-like analysis and chemical spatial principal component analysis on the molecular data set constructed by EGb
Summary
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) can be regarded as a typical representative of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which displays multi-component, multi-target, and multi-activity characteristics [1]. Some enterprises at home and abroad pursue high ketone esters, such as the Shanghai Xingling Company, which produces raw materials for the new Class II ginkgo ketone esters: flavonoid glycosides ≥ 44% and lactones ≥ 6%, which is far from the “24 + 6” standard of EGb7613. 24% of flavonoids and 6% of lactones are the main active ingredients of Ginkgo biloba extract. Is it necessary to add the other 70% of the ingredients? Is it necessary to add the other 70% of the ingredients? Whether there is a synergistic effect between the effective factors deserves further study [3]
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