Abstract
The main functions of a three-dimensional test device for simulating rock formations and surface movement affected by underground coal mining were described in detail, and a series of similar related tests were carried out. The device consisted of an outer frame, a pressurization unit, a pulling unit, and a coal seam simulation portion. Using this test device, supported by monitoring methods such as the three-dimensional laser scanner method, a model test study on the surface subsidence characteristics caused by coal seam mining was carried out. Combined with the field measurements, the transfer law of surface subsidence caused by coal seam mining was revealed, and the whole surface subsidence response process was analyzed. The experimental results show that the subsidence caused by mining disturbances below the coal seam accounts for 79.3% of the total subsidence, which is the dominant factor of the total surface subsidence. After long-term surface observations, surface subsidence can be divided into four stages after coal mining, and the settlement value of the obvious settlement stage accounts for more than 60% of the total settlement value. The above test results fully reflect the feasibility and practicality of the three-dimensional test device to simulate rock strata and surface movement and provide a new experimental research tool that can be used to further study the surface subsidence characteristics and control caused by coal mining.
Highlights
Through the “three-dimensional test device to simulate the influence of underground coal mining on strata and surface movement”, developed by the authors of this paper, combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technology, simulation tests determining surface subsidence after coal mining are carried out
Using a “three-dimensional test device for simulating surface movement in underground coal mining” that was developed by the authors independently to out the
The coal seam simulation portion is adjustment bolted through unit, the threaded hole to connect it to the four pressure plates; the surface is filled with a similar coal seam post, 73—lower track beam, 74—second slide. (a) direction view 1 (b) left v material surrounded by baffles that are set on all sides, and the front baffle is fitted with (d) 3D schematic a transparent acrylic plate to observe the overall deformation of the specimen during the experimental process
Summary
With the transformation and upgrade of coal development and people’s increased awareness of environmental protection issues, the vast majority of coal mines in China will encounter problems related to coal pressing to protect buildings, structures, water bodies and other protected bodies during the construction and production process, as well as mining problems that are influenced by protective bodies, that is, problems related to subsidence control and coal mining activities under special conditions, seriously restricting the production of coal mining enterprises [1–3]. Filling mining is a method that has been proven to solve pressed coal problems The use of this method supports the rock mass over the mined-out area, thereby alleviating surface subsidence, reducing damage to surface buildings, achieving the goals of efficiently mining coal mine resources and of controlling surface damage [8–13]. In order to better study the strata and surface movement characteristics caused by coal mining, this paper adopts a method combining field measurements and the development of a test device to conduct simulation tests. Through the “three-dimensional test device to simulate the influence of underground coal mining on strata and surface movement”, developed by the authors of this paper, combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technology, simulation tests determining surface subsidence after coal mining are carried out. Combined with long-term surface observations, the laws of strata and surface movement caused by coal mining are revealed
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