Abstract
Study on stress level in elite junior gymnasts
Highlights
IntroductionGiven the complex requirements of today’s rhythmic gymnastics, in somatic, functional, motor and cognitiveemotional terms, one can hardly imagine the achievement of high performance in this sport without the continuous support of psychological training.A professional rhythmic gymnast experiences a myriad of states linked to maintaining an optimal weight (Pehlivan, Nalçakan, & Ergan, 2018), processing a large amount of sensory information and mastering different apparatus techniques and high-intensity training loads with perfect neuromotor control, as well as negative feelings of panic or psychological breakdown induced by the over-influence of adrenergic systems in all functional structures.Among the psychological constructs that either decrease or facilitate motor behaviour, stress and anxiety, or the optimum level of arousal/activation, are essential aspects that have to be continuously addressed throughout the training process, but with a special emphasis in the competitive stage
A professional rhythmic gymnast experiences a myriad of states linked to maintaining an optimal weight (Pehlivan, Nalçakan, & Ergan, 2018), processing a large amount of sensory information and mastering different apparatus techniques and high-intensity training loads with perfect neuromotor control, as well as negative feelings of panic or psychological breakdown induced by the over-influence of adrenergic systems in all functional structures
Rhythmic gymnastics has been a source of data for recent research focused on the analysis of performance-related competitive state anxiety, precompetitive anxiety and their effect on performance, or how to cope with emotions in both training and competitions
Summary
Given the complex requirements of today’s rhythmic gymnastics, in somatic, functional, motor and cognitiveemotional terms, one can hardly imagine the achievement of high performance in this sport without the continuous support of psychological training.A professional rhythmic gymnast experiences a myriad of states linked to maintaining an optimal weight (Pehlivan, Nalçakan, & Ergan, 2018), processing a large amount of sensory information and mastering different apparatus techniques and high-intensity training loads with perfect neuromotor control, as well as negative feelings of panic or psychological breakdown induced by the over-influence of adrenergic systems in all functional structures.Among the psychological constructs that either decrease or facilitate motor behaviour, stress and anxiety, or the optimum level of arousal/activation, are essential aspects that have to be continuously addressed throughout the training process, but with a special emphasis in the competitive stage. Given the complex requirements of today’s rhythmic gymnastics, in somatic, functional, motor and cognitiveemotional terms, one can hardly imagine the achievement of high performance in this sport without the continuous support of psychological training. A professional rhythmic gymnast experiences a myriad of states linked to maintaining an optimal weight (Pehlivan, Nalçakan, & Ergan, 2018), processing a large amount of sensory information and mastering different apparatus techniques and high-intensity training loads with perfect neuromotor control, as well as negative feelings of panic or psychological breakdown induced by the over-influence of adrenergic systems in all functional structures. Several authors (Daroglou, 2011; Fan, Cao, & Tang, 2004) explain various psychological dimensions in elite rhythmic gymnastics, bringing relevant information about anxiety state and its influence on performance, as well as trait anxiety versus competitive state anxiety. Applying the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory with its three subscales (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence) leads to the idea that only self-confidence has positive effects on performance, while cognitive and somatic anxiety has no influence on the results, these data confirming the Multidimensional Anxiety Theory of Martens, Vealey and Burton (1990) (Tsopani, Dallas, & Skordilis, 2011)
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