Abstract
The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems, which face the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content (8, 10 and 12%) and (8, 10 and 12.8% w.b.) were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (Urea-Formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8% moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06%, 93.64% for date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals.
Highlights
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important comerical crops and plays an important role in the economic and social lives of the people of Egypt and Saudi Arabia
The objectives of the present study were to (i) to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm residues and (ii) to evaluate the shear, compression, bending test, the tensile, compressive strength according to various date palm stalk regions at different moisture contents and (iii) to establish the International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis 2018; 4(2): 42-59 quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission
The mechanical properties which studied for date palm stalks were shear stress, compressive stress and bending moment
Summary
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important comerical crops and plays an important role in the economic and social lives of the people of Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The cultivation of date palm its use in the textile industry has been practiced in Saudi Arabia since pre-historic times. There are approximately 105 million palm trees covering an area of 800, 000 ha (Agoudjil et al, 2011). 13 leaves and 7 bunches per date palm could be cut annually. The calculated amount of the date palm recovered material was estimated to be over than 1,200,000 tons of fronds; 410,000 tons of leaves and 300, 000 tons of bunches were produced annually.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
