Abstract
From time immemorial communication is an essential need for human beings. Communication happens through the channel. Among many channels for communication, Fiber is a vital wired channel that has infinite bandwidth and high noise immunity against electromagnetic interference. The phenomenon of dispersion is the major problem for high bit rate and long-haul optical communication systems. An easy solution to this problem is optical Solitons - Pulses that preserve their shape over long distances. Soliton based optical communication systems establish over distances of several thousands of kilometers with considerable information carrying capacity by using optical amplifiers.
Highlights
A soliton is a self-reinforcing pulse which maintains its shape when it travels with uniform velocity
An easy solution to this problem is optical Solitons - Pulses that preserve their shape over long distances
Similar kind of nonlinear wave propagation takes place in light waves guided along an optical fiber
Summary
A soliton is a self-reinforcing pulse which maintains its shape when it travels with uniform velocity. A wave gets dispersed as it propagates over a longer distance. And the waves can propagate over a more substantial distance without affecting the original waveforms. Ordinary nonlinear wave equations derived by Kortweg and de Vries can be used to describe both of these waves. This equation is known as KdeV equation. A soliton propagates faster when its amplitude increases. The collision occurs when two solitons of same amplitude appear. This collision does not destroy waveforms of both the waves. Similar kind of nonlinear wave propagation takes place in light waves guided along an optical fiber
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