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Abstract
Cross-sectional study was conducted in Yabello and Dire districts of Borena zone Oromia regional state, Ethiopia to estimate sero-prevalence of small ruminant and human Brucellosis. Sero-survey was applied to the target population of 228 small ruminants and 86 humans. The sera samples were collected from small ruminants (sheep and goats) and humans for serological analysis of brucellosis. Samples were serially tested by RBPT and positive samples were finally confirmed by c-ELISA. The overall sero-prevalence of brucellosis were 8.8% (95% CI: 5.4-13.2) and 25.6% (95% CI: 16.8-36.1) in small ruminants and humans respectively. There was a statistically significant variation in Brucella infection (p<0.05) in humans. The higher prevalence recorded in elders. The highest recorded in small ruminant sampled from large flock size and ewes with a retained fetal membrane. These results provide evidence of the importance of brucellosis in humans and small ruminants in the study area. Overall, the existence of brucellosis, community daily practice and uncontrolled movement of animals and livelihood nature of pastoralists suggest the need for farther investigation of brucellosis in humans and animals. Furthermore, awareness creation or public health education on zoonotic importance of brucellosis and prevention techniques should be imparted continuously in pastoral communities.
Highlights
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis with a high degree of morbidity in humans
Pastoral livestock production system with mobility is the vital source of food and income for livelihood of people while opportunistic cultivation is practiced around Yabello and Mega Towns where the soil moisture content stays high for longer time
The current study result recorded is lower than the result recorded of 34.1% and 29.4% in Borena and Hamer pastoral area of southern Ethiopia respectively (Animut et al, 2009)
Summary
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis with a high degree of morbidity in humans. According to WHO about 500,000 human cases of this disease registered in the world every year (Pappas et al, 2006). Human life is highly associated with the livestock populations in the different livestock production systems in pastoral communities (Megersa et al, 2011). In both pastoral and mixed (agro-pastoral) livestock production systems, people haves contacts with livestock and livestock products/discharges and consume raw animal products. This could enhance the incidence of brucellosis infection (Habtamu et al, 2015; Terefe et al, 2017)
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