Abstract
ABSTRACTPhysiological (metabolite analysis) and molecular (gene expression) approaches were used to understand the mechanism underlying russet formation in response to the application of GA3 and CPPU (Forchlorfenuron) in a Japanese table grape cultivar ‘Shine Muscat’. Several different concentrations of GA3 and GA3 + CPPU [25 mg L−1 GA3 (A), 25 mg L−1 GA3 + 5 mg L−1 CPPU (B), 25 mg L−1 GA3 + 10 mg L−1 CPPU (C), and 25 mg L−1 GA3 + 15 mg L−1 CPPU (D)] were applied to grape berry clusters at two weeks after flowering (WAF). No russet was observed on the berries treated with the ‘C’ combination. Lower levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity was observed in the treated samples, relative to the untreated material. Reduced peroxide (POD) activity was also observed in response to different treatments, while the expression of Peroxidase 17 and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase G1 genes mirrored lignin content. Increased activity of 4-coenzyme A ligase (4CL) may contribute to decreasing the level of russet and help to improve grape berry quality.
Highlights
The Japanese diploid grape ‘Shine muscat’ is a hybrid between Vitis labruscana Baily and Vitis vinifera L. and is mainly consumed as a table grape (Yamada et al 2008)
Treatment A, resulted in a much lighter amount of russet, relative to the control, the russet was still apparent on a number of areas of the grape peel
Treatment B and D resulted in less fruit russet, that was mainly evident around the peduncle
Summary
The Japanese diploid grape ‘Shine muscat’ is a hybrid between Vitis labruscana Baily and Vitis vinifera L. and is mainly consumed as a table grape (Yamada et al 2008). The cultivation area of this variety in Japan, as well as China, has noticeably increased (Yu and Yu 2013; Suehiro et al 2014). It has become very popular among grape growers due to several aspects of its phenology, including high levels of flower bud differentiation, as well as its’ late-maturity and long fruiting period. CPPU increases cell division and fruit enlargement, increasing the yield and commodity value (Gu et al 2015)
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