Study on Removal of Heavy Metal Pollution from Water by Biochar and Its Composite Materials

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is a long-term pollution problem that is difficult to control. Water microorganisms cannot directly degrade heavy metals, and heavy metals can produce mutual transformation, dispersion and enrichment in various forms in water. Adsorption is the most effective techniques to remove harmful heavy metals from water. Biochar (BC) and its composite materials, because of their simple and abundant source, abundant pore structure and unique surface chemical properties, are a new type of efficient adsorption material. Their technical development offers a new idea for solving the heavy metal pollution condition in water and preparing adsorbent required by adsorption method. In this paper, the preparation method of biochar and its composite materials, the mechanism and principle of heavy metals adsorption in water are reviewed, also development prospect of the biochar for application composite materials in the heavy metal pollution for treatment in the future is discussed.