Study on relationship between intraocular pressure and hyperthyroidism

Abstract

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) represents a persistent autoimmune inflammatory condition impacting various ocular components, including orbital fat (OF), extraocular muscles (EOMs), the eyeball, and associated eye structures. This disorder is closely associated with autoimmune thyroid pathology. A body of research has indicated an elevated susceptibility to heightened intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma among individuals with thyroid-related ailments. Nonetheless, certain studies have expressed reservations about affirming these conclusions. Furthermore, there exists a diversity of viewpoints regarding the optimal approaches for managing elevated IOP in TAO patients afflicted with ocular hypertensionA prospective research investigation was undertaken within the Department of Ophthalmology at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, spanning a duration of 12 months. The techniques employed for the diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) have been comprehensively outlined. Goldmann applanation tonometry was utilized to determine intraocular pressure (IOP). Employing a Zeiss FF3 fundus camera, a series of dilated stereoscopic 300-color retinal and optic disc images were captured. The evaluation of optic disc photographs was conducted by one of two evaluators, both of whom remained masked to the study's particulars, employing a customized protocol. In order to ascertain optic disc dimensions, adjustments for camera magnification were performed, accounting for the spherical equivalent refraction of each individual eye.A total of 90 patients were examined. Of the 90 cases, male preponderance was noted. Among 90 patients, 20 (22.2%) were hyperthyroid, 61 (67.8%) were hypothyroid, and 9 (10%) patients were euthyroid. In our study shows the frequency of different symptoms among the study group. Most of the patients came with complaint itching of (27.8%). The second most common symptom was foreign body sensation (21.1%). In this study shows the different types of signs among these two groups. In hyperthyroid lid, retraction was more common (12%). In hypothyroid lid, edema was more common (18.5%). Frequency of dry eye syndrome in patients with TD was present; 29 (26.4%) patients had dry eye disease. Among 90 patients, proptosis was present in 4 patients had proptosis. Most of the patients were myopic.Our results imply the potential link between intraocular pressure (IOP) and thyroid-related disorders, particularly in individuals undergoing thyroxine treatment. Conducting further comprehensive investigations to explore and substantiate this prospective association is advisable.