Abstract
Bamboo vascular bundle fiber and parenchyma (BP) are separated by high-temperature treatment with saturated steam. Bamboo vascular bundle fiber is widely used in the market, but how to develop and utilize parenchyma tissue is a difficult problem. The sulfated cellulose nanofibers (ANFs) were obtained by sulfating BP with a deep eutectic solvent (DES), which provided a theoretical basis for the value-added utilization of BP. Using DES as the reaction medium and reagent, the BP was grafted with a sulfonic acid group to form a gel substance in water, ANFs and nanocellulose gel were obtained by ultrasonic cell crusher. The highest yield of ANFS was 75%. The width of the ANFs was about 3 nm, and a small number of nanofiber aggregates existed at the same time. A high aspect ratio of ANFs, due to their high viscosity, has potential applications as enhancers at low concentrations. Lewis acid (ZnCl2) added based on binary (DES) greatly improved the thermal stability of the ANFs and maintained the crystal form of cellulose I.
Highlights
The depletion of fossil resources is inevitable and brings serious environmental, economic and social problems
The retention of high lignin content may be due to the carbonization of some raw materials because of the presence of urea, which prevents the further reaction of amino sulfonic acid
The results show that some lignin reached nanometer level under the system of sulfamic acid, and the micron particle was due to the adhesion of lignin to form a large particle size
Summary
The depletion of fossil resources is inevitable and brings serious environmental, economic and social problems. New reinforcement techniques [1], passively controlled structural systems [2,3], wood, and bamboo as a sustainable green building material, are attracting more attention from the construction sector [4,5,6,7,8]. Bamboo is one of the fast-growing and most productive renewable natural resources in the world and has a high growth rate in the growing season [9,10]. Bamboo is the most important material-producing variety that is planted over large areas. The industrial production of Phyllostachys pubescens is increasing year by year, and the waste residue is burned or discarded in large quantities, which produces great pressure on the
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