Abstract
Xanthates are by far the most widely used collectors in the froth flotation beneficiation of sulfide ores. However, the xanthate production process suffers from low yield, low productivity, long reaction time and environmental pollution. To address these issues, an effective method was developed for the synthesis of xanthates using phase transfer catalyst. Sodium isobutyl xanthate was synthesized from isobutyl alcohol ((CH3)2CHCH2OH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbon disulfide (CS2) with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) as solvent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as phase transfer catalyst. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrum, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The influencing factors on the content and yield of sodium isobutyl xanthate including phase transfer catalyst type, phase transfer catalyst dosage and reaction time were studied by single-factor experiments. The influencing factors on the product purity and yield including reaction temperature, solvent volume, material ratio and rotating speed were studied by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that when the amount of TBAC was 3.0%malcohol, the reaction temperature was 35 °C, the solvent volume was 3.5 Valcohol, the rotating speed was 180 rpm, the reaction time was 4 h and the material ratio was n[(CH3)2CHCH2OH]:n(NaOH):n(CS2) = 1:1:1.10, the product yield could be up to 86.66% and the product purity reached 82.56%.
Highlights
Sulfide ores are main mineral resource of non-ferrous metals and are widely used to extract elements such as copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum and nickel [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Most non-ferrous metals are extracted from sulfide mineral, which is recovered from sulfide ores by flotation [9,10,11]
We investigated the influence of the type and dosage of phase transfer catalyst and reaction time on the synthesis process
Summary
Sulfide ores are main mineral resource of non-ferrous metals and are widely used to extract elements such as copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum and nickel [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Most non-ferrous metals are extracted from sulfide mineral, which is recovered from sulfide ores by flotation [9,10,11]. There are various synthesis methods of xanthates, the difference lies in the proportion and sequence of the addition, the type of medium or solvent, the reaction equipment and the stirring method. Solvent synthesis of xanthates does not require an alkali-making system, the sodium hydroxide added in the synthesis process is easy to disperse, the solvent can remove the reaction heat in time and the conversion rate of alcohol is high [17]. There have been few studies that examine the involvement of phase transfer catalysts in the synthesis process
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