Study on Periodontitis in Relation with Subgingival Calculus in Rajshahi Region, Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Bangladesh is a country possessing harmful lifestyle for oral health. The country culture put the people to be exposed to harmful factors responsible for development of periodontitis. However, effective health education can bring encouraging result to aware them for healthy practice. Objectives: The aims of the study were to describe and analyze the periodontal condition and oral hygiene practices among Bangladeshi population. Methods: A hospital-based cross sectional descriptive study was done over 200 subjects. Subjects were recruited from a wide age range (6–80 year) by random and cluster samplings. A total of 200 cases were interviewed and examined. Data were collected from all patients attended the dental outpatient department of Dental Unit of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Udoyon Dental College Hospital and Upozila Health Complex, Raninagar, Naogaon. All patients were interviewed (face-to-face) using a semi-structured questionnaire. Clinical examination was performed to measure the periodontal health status using standard calculus index and periodontal index. Plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket probing depth, gingival recession, and tooth loss were recorded using a mouth mirror, and Williams- and WHO periodontal probes. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS program version 16.0. Results: Among all participants 48% were female and 52% were male. Most of the participants were student (27%).The study showed high rate of peridontitis (63%). The peak prevalent age group was over 45 years. Most of the participants had supra- and sub-gingival calculus. Gingival bleeding (GB) on probing was found in 91% of the participants. At the age >45 years, a periodontal pocket probing depth (PPD) of 4–6 mm was found in 43.85% and a PPD >6 mm in 17.54%. Conclusion: The occurrence of severe periodontal disease was low. The factors cause periodontal diseases were age, male sex, low education, rural residence, plaque and calculus.