Abstract
Surfactant-grafted Polyacrylamide (S-PAM) serves as a novel oil displacement agent in oilfield. Its toxicity and the impact on the occupational safety are unclear. The analysis on composition and chemical structure of S-PAM shows that due to its instability the harmful ammonia gas may be generated during the operation of S-PAM or high temperature. The toxicity and safety evaluation of the S-PAM were analyzed, and suggestions on the protection were proposed. It can provide a safe and healthy working environment for the operators with enormous social and economic benefits.
Highlights
With the increasing sophistication of EOR, polymer flooding technology is more and more widely used in oilfield development [1]-[3]
The highest content of ammonia was measured, which was converted to mass of ammonia evolution per gram of solid Surfactant-grafted Polyacrylamide (S-PAM)
The ammonia release of S-PAM solutions prepared by clean water and oilfield water were measured during the dissolving time and storage time at room temperature
Summary
With the increasing sophistication of EOR, polymer flooding technology is more and more widely used in oilfield development [1]-[3]. (2015) Study on Occupational Health and Safety Impact of Surfactant-Grafted Polyacrylamide Used in Oilfields. A new type of compound, graft copolymer surfactant (referred to as polymer surfactant), which combines the advantages of polymer and surfactant, has all the advantages of tackifying, reducing the flow ratio, expanding the sweep efficiency, reducing the interfacial tension, improving the solubilization and emulsifying capacity for crude oil, and aggregating into a single component of a new chemical flooding agent [8] [9]. As the field tests of polymer surfactant used for EOR are carried out, the results show that the polymer surfactant is very different from the general polymers, which are used for EOR in the same field, but with differences of the production, type, structure, component, physicochemical properties and toxicity. This study analyzed the physicochemical properties and toxicity of S-PAM using chemical analysis method, instrument analysis method etc. and analyzed the occupational health and safety impact in order to provide a safe and healthy working environment for the operators
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