Abstract
Four techniques using high‐current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) were proposed to obtain surface nanostructure of metal and alloys. The first method involves the distribution of several fine Mg nanoparticles on the top surface of treated samples by evaporation of pure Mg with low boiling point. The second technique uses superfast heating, melting, and cooling induced by HCPEB irradiation to refine the primary phase or the second phase in alloys to nanosized uniform distributed phases in the matrix, such as the quasicrystal phase Mg30Zn60Y10 in the quasicrystal alloy Mg67Zn30Y3. The third technique involves the refinement of eutectic silicon phase in hypereutectic Al‐15Si alloys to fine particles with the size of several nanometers through solid solution and precipitation refinement. Finally, in the deformation zone induced by HCPEB irradiation, the grain size can be refined to several hundred nanometers, such as the grain size of the hypereutectic Al‐15Si alloys in the deformation zone, which can reach ~400 nm after HCPEB treatment for 25 pulses. Therefore, HCPEB technology is an efficient way to obtain surface nanostructure.
Highlights
Nanomaterials are typically characterized by ultrafine grains [1]
The characteristics of the obtained nanostructures according to the four techniques using High-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment are discussed as follows
The surface temperature of the HCPEB-treated Mg reaches boiling point, vaporization occurs at a given depth determined by the energy density of HCPEB, and a considerable amount of bubbles form in the liquid Mg solution
Summary
Nanomaterials are typically characterized by ultrafine grains [1] They fundamentally possess several unique properties and behavior such as increased strength/hardness, enhanced diffusivity, enhanced thermal expansion coefficient, and superior soft magnetic properties [2] compared with the conventional coarse-grained materials. The depth of the HCPEB modification zone can reach several hundred micrometers [9,10,11,12], which greatly satisfies the modification demands for engineering materials. The combination of these influencing factors, peculiar to HCPEB treatment, can lead to the nanocrystalline formation in near-surface layers of metallic materials [13, 14]. Four methods involving HCPEB technology were proposed to obtain surface nanocrystalline formation in this paper
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