Abstract
Detecting partial discharge (PD) is an effective way to evaluate the condition of high-voltage electrical equipment insulation. The UHF detection method has attracted attention due to its high sensitivity, strong interference resistance, and ability to locate PDs. In this paper, a miniaturized equiangular spiral antenna (ESA) for UHF detection that uses a printed circuit board is proposed. I-shaped, L-shaped, and C-shaped microstrip baluns were designed to match the impedance between the ESA and coaxial cable and were verified by a vector network analyzer. For comparison, three other types of UHF antenna were also designed: A microstrip patch antenna, a microstrip slot antenna, and a printed dipole antenna. Their antenna factors were calibrated in a uniform electric field of different frequencies modulated in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cell. We performed comparison experiments on PD signal detection using an artificial defect model based on the international IEC 60270 standard. We also conducted time-delay test experiments on the ESA sensor to locate a PD source. It was found that the proposed ESA sensor meets PD signal detection requirements. The sensor’s compact size makes it suitable for internal installation in high-voltage electrical equipment.
Highlights
The safety and reliability of high-voltage electrical equipment helps ensure the stable performance of a power system, but insulation breakdowns account for approximately 80% of total failures [1]
This study focused on the design and optimization of internal antennas for ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection of Partial discharge (PD) in high-voltage electrical equipment
The proposed dual-arm equiangular spiral antenna (ESA) satisfied the requirements of both broadband performance and compact size
Summary
The safety and reliability of high-voltage electrical equipment helps ensure the stable performance of a power system, but insulation breakdowns account for approximately 80% of total failures [1]. UHF antennas can be either internal or external, depending on whether they are mounted inside or outside the high-voltage electrical equipment. Li designed an internal two-arm equiangular spiral antenna (ESA) for gas insulated switchgear that greatly improved UHF antenna performance, but its impedance transformer made it unsuitably large [10]. For high-voltage electrical equipment, an internal UHF antenna is required for both its performance and its size. This paper has five parts: Section 1 is the introduction; Section 2 explains the design and optimization of ESA, its impedance balun, and the other three antennas; Section 3 describes the measurement of AFs in a GTEM cell; Section 4 shows the UHF signal detection of the antennas; and Section 5 presents the conclusions
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