Abstract
Results Out of 384 samples, the overall prevalence of small hive beetle, Nosema apis, and amoeba (Malpighamoeba mellificae) diseases was 39%, 45.3%, and 40.3%, respectively. The overall prevalence of these three diseases was ascertained, with a statistically significant (p < 0.05) variation in the overall prevalence of N. apis disease and amoeba (M. mellificae) disease between hive type and agroecologies. Conclusion The research indicates that N. apis, M. mellificae, and small hive beetle are the major parasites that affect honeybees in the study area. In order to classify and describe honeybee diseases and pests associated with Ethiopia's local honeybees, several field diagnostic surveys and laboratory research works need to be performed.
Highlights
With wide climatic and unique flowering plants, Ethiopia is among the highly suitable countries for beekeeping
Study Area. e study was carried out in the Bonga district of the Kaffa Zone of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region from October 2018 to March 2019 to determine the prevalence of honeybee diseases such as Nosema (N. apis) and amoeba (M. mellificae) diseases and pests such as small hive beetles. e altitudinal variation of the area ranges from 800 to 3300 m.a.s.l. and is divided into three major agroecological zones locally identified as Dega, Woyina-Dega, and Kola that are comparable to highland, midland, and lowland, respectively
Prevalence of N. apis and Associated Risk Factors. e current investigation revealed that the overall prevalence of N. apis in the Bonga district was 45.3% (Figures 1 and 2, Supplementary File). e prevalence of N. apis (67.96%) in highland, (39.84%) midland, and (28.12%) in the lowland was recorded. ere was a statistically significant difference between these agroecologies (p < 0.006). e overall prevalence of N. apis has a significant variation between three types of hives (p < 0.02), and it was higher in traditional than both modern and transitional hive types. e highest prevalence of N. apis (63.5%) was observed in the traditional hive followed by transitional hive (43.54) (Table 1)
Summary
With wide climatic and unique flowering plants, Ethiopia is among the highly suitable countries for beekeeping To this effect, the country sustains a large number of bee colonies with the long-established practice of beekeeping. E world distribution of honeybee diseases, pests, and predators are of great importance to beekeepers. Conducting regular surveys and recognizing prevalent disease conditions are the key steps to protect honeybee colonies and their products from harmful diseases and pests [11, 12]. Since regular and timely control of all factors that endanger honeybee life and threaten their products is needed for effective apiculture, cross-sectional research was performed in the three districts (Bonga, Chena, and Gimbo) of the Kaffa Zone to assess the prevalence of major honeybee diseases. E research indicates that N. apis, M. mellificae, and small hive beetle are the major parasites that affect honeybees in the study area. In order to classify and describe honeybee diseases and pests associated with Ethiopia’s local honeybees, several field diagnostic surveys and laboratory research works need to be performed
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