Abstract
This paper deals with a study of the adsorption behaviour of three molecules which can be employed as levellers in Cu electrochemical plating from acidic sulphate solutions: 4cyanopyridine (4CP), 3-diethylamino-7-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)-5-phenylphenazinium chloride (Janus Green B, JGB) and a benzyl-phenyl modified polyethyleneimine (BPPEI). This investigation was carried out by in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) during electroplating and by in situ electroreflectance spectroscopy (ERS) on electrodeposited Cu layers. Variations of SERS effect with potential and potentiostatic polarisation time were studied. Cathodic reactivity of JGB and BPPEI was highlighted by the analysis of spectral changes as a function of applied potential and by time resolved spectroscopy. The formation of surface electronic states related to the formation of chemisorption bonds between the levellers and the Cu electrode was revealed by ERS.
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