Abstract
An improved shielding structure of a bumper that constructed from Ti/Al/Mg density-graded materials was presented. Two types of Ti/Al/Mg density-graded materials with the same areal density were prepared by diffusion bonding and powder metallurgy, respectively. The characteristics of hypervelocity impact including penetration holes in the bumper, damage patterns on the rear wall and micrographs of the crater were investigated. The results show that damage mechanism of Ti/Al/Mg density-graded materials is closely related to the interface bonding strength and matrix strength. The penetration holes of Ti/Al/Mg density-graded material obtained by diffusion bonding exhibit typical ductile characteristics. The Ti/Al/Mg density-graded material prepared by powder metallurgy shows significant mechanical synergistic response under high strain compression and appears fragile characteristic. The shielding performance of Ti/Al/Mg bumper is increased by 20.4% compared with aluminum bumper. A theoretical analysis suggests that a Ti-Al-Mg bumper can fully break the projectile and greatly increase the entropy during the impact process. Larger projectile kinetic energy is converted into the internal energy during the impact process, thereby causing an obvious increase in shielding performance.
Highlights
With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the debris environment has been worsening, and the service life of orbiting spacecraft has been greatly restricted [1]
With the critical projectile diameter for 3.5 km/s, the shielding performance of sample I is increased by 20.4% in contrast with the aluminum bumper
Projectiles can be broken up into smaller parts, which greatly increases the entropy during the impact process, and more projectile kinetic energy is converted into the internal energy of the impact process
Summary
With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the debris environment has been worsening, and the service life of orbiting spacecraft has been greatly restricted [1]. For space debris of a millimeter level and below, protective structures composed of high-tech materials can be set in several key parts [2]. There have been a limited number of high-performance protective materials, such as Kevlar cloth, Nextel cloth, Beta cloth, so it is necessary to develop a new protective material [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. In previous studies on the hypervelocity impact characteristics of materials, most of the studies concern traditional titanium, aluminum, iron and flexible materials, mainly based on the mechanical point concerning impact vaporization, jetting process, stress-wave propagation and the thermodynamic state of impact fragment [14,15]. The impact damage mechanism of Ti/Al/Mg density-graded materials can be revealed by damage morphologies
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