Study on Host Predisposing Factors and Diagnostic Tests for Canine Parvovirus (CPV-2) Infection in Dogs

Abstract

In the present study, a total 61 faecal samples from dogs, showing symptom of Canine Parvovirus infection, were collected from in and around Navsari district. The samples were screened for CPV by different diagnostic methods viz. Immuno Chromatographic Assay (ICA), Haemagglutination (HA) test, Enzyme linked immuno sorbant assay (ELISA) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Isolation of CPV by culture of virus on Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. Out of five assays tested, PCR was found to be the most sensitive (62.29%) in detecting CPV followed by HA test (50.82%), virus isolation (50.00%), ICA (37.70%) and sandwich ELISA (31.14%). Considering PCR as most sensitive test, overall prevalence rate was found as 62.29%. Along with samples clinical history of animals was collected to determine the host predisposing factors. Majority of dogs affected were in the age group of 0–3 months (47.37%), then 3–6 months (39.47%) and were males (24/38; 63.16%). Breed wise study revealed that desi/local breeds (26.32%) were more susceptible followed by Labrador retriever (18.42%) and German shepherd (15.79%). Non-vaccinated dogs (71.05%) were more victimized to CPV infection than the vaccinated dogs. Season wise incidence showed that cases were almost exclusively occurred in winter (97.37%) followed by monsoon (2.63%).