Abstract
In sandy gravel stratum, individual characteristic is prominent and ground structure is loose. Point-to-point contact model is popular between ground particles. Such ground is easy to be disturbed and remarkable ground loss often appears during shield construction process. The discrete element method (DEM) is applied to investigate the ground movement and disturbance induced by tunnel construction using the software PFC2D (Particle Flow Code in 2 dimensions). Ground settlement distributions at various ground loss ratios were obtained for twin tunnels with 0.5D and 1D clear distance. Loosing, collapse and arch formation of the ground were all revealed at meantime. This work can offer references to control and prevent the disturbance caused by shield tunnel construction in sandy gravel stratum.
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