Study on Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Fingerprint of Acanthopanax brachypus

Abstract

As a peculiar folk medicinal plant, Acanthopanax brachypus was widely used to treat various diseases in China. At present, however, there is not a good quality standard for its quality evaluation. In this study, on the basis of the validation tests of precision, stability and repeatability, the chromatographic fingerprint of A. brachypus was established by using gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector (FID) and GC-MS techniques, as well as computer aided similarity evaluation system. Thirty-two different batches of samples collected from the different producing regions and the different parts of A. brachypus were studied. The results showed that the dominant constituents of all oils were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as well as oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The fingerprinting profiles were found to be consistent for the fresh stem bark acquired from various production areas, 48 common peaks were determined, but the relative abundance of peaks was varied. β-Pinene, linalool, p-cymene, spathulenol, camphene, endo-borneol, verbenone, β-caryophyllene, γ-terpinene, germacrene-D, camphor, β-thujone and β-cadinene were the main constituents of the fresh stem bark oil. Except for the leaf, the chemical components among different medicinal parts of fresh plant were inconsistent with the stem bark. Besides, the varieties and relative levels of chemical components in the fresh stem bark were more abundant than in the dry counterpart. The GC-MS fingerprint can be successfully applied to distinguish the substitute or adulterant, and further assess the differences of A. brachypus grown in various areas of China.