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Abstract
The effects of different water sources on the fouling of PVDF membrane are different. On the basis of the scientific appraisal, the correct cleaning process and cleaning reagent are selected to recover the flux and other performances of PVDF membrane. The results indicate that the TMP (transmembrane pressure) of PVDF membrane can be effectively recovered by CIP (clean-in-place) process, and almost reaches the initial level even under the circumstance that PVDF membrane has been used for a certain time and its TMP can not be recovered by either physical cleaning process or CEB (chemically enhanced backwashes).
Highlights
The effects of different water sources on the fouling of PVDF membrane are different
PVDF membrane fouling is defined as the process in which microparticles, colloidal particles, solute molecules or bacteria deposit onto the PVDF membrane surface or into the membrane pores such that the membrane pores are blocked or become smaller, and membrane resistance increases, in turn its performances are deteriorated
Physical cleaning is effective on removing the cake layer on the PVDF membrane; chemical cleaning is effective on removing the minerals, inorganic substances, organic substances and microorganisms; whereas biological cleaning is effective on removing the foulants on and inside the membrane with biocides such as microorganisms and enzymes (Zhang et al, 2003, p. 187)
Summary
PVDF membrane fouling is defined as the process in which microparticles, colloidal particles, solute molecules or bacteria deposit onto the PVDF membrane surface or into the membrane pores such that the membrane pores are blocked or become smaller, and membrane resistance increases, in turn its performances (membrane flux and etc.) are deteriorated. Reversible fouling, caused by a gel layer resulted from reversible concentration polarization, can be removed by means of strong shear force of backwashing. The foulants causing reversible fouling include inorganic compounds (silicon, alumina, iron, calcium, manganese and etc.), organic compounds, as well as microorganisms, bacteria and their metabolites Irreversible fouling, caused by irreversible absorption and blockage, is impossible to be removed by physical cleaning method. Ridgway et al (1988, p. 429-481) reported that the membrane fouling had three features in common: (1) Gradual decline of membrane flux; (2) Gradual decline of intercepting rate of minerals; (3) Gradual increase of TMP and pressure difference across the membrane
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