Abstract
Taking the mausoleums in the main urban area of Nanjing city as the study object, with the support of GIS technology, this paper extracts eight influencing factors (surface roughness, elevation, surface cutting depth, surface peaks, outfall, river system, slope, and aspect) corresponding to geomantic elements (“Long”, “Sha”, “Shui”, and “Xue”) in the geographical environments of mausoleums. The AHP is applied in the correlation weight method to calculate the weights of the eight influencing factors, while the information content method is applied in the grading method to calculate the numerical index of each factor. The feng shui (geomantic) suitability of the mausoleums in the main urban area of Nanjing is evaluated using the AHP-weighted information content method and by combining expert knowledge and experience with mathematical statistical techniques. According to the feng shui (geomantic) suitability evaluation results obtained for the mausoleums in the study area, the relatively low-suitability area accounts for 14.55% of the entire study area, the low-suitability area accounts for 25.40%, the suitable area accounts for 29.13%, the relatively high-suitability area accounts for 22.00%, and the high-suitability area accounts for 8.92%. Finally, through a sensitivity analysis of the model, a verification analysis applied using random mausoleums and a feng shui (geomantic) analysis of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the feng shui (geomantic) suitability evaluation results obtained for the mausoleums analyzed herein are found to be consistent with the actual distribution of the mausoleum sites. The research shows that the AHP-weighted information method based on GIS is suitable for evaluating the feng shui (geomantic) suitability of mausoleums.
Highlights
Tombs are places where the remains of the dead are stored and include architectural shrines, burial vaults, church monuments, mausoleums and so on [1,2]
The design, site selection, and layout of mausoleums are all deeply influenced by feng shui [3,4,5]
(1) First, the weight value of the target geographical environment influencing factor is calculated by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to characterize the importance of the influencing factor to the feng shui suitability of the analyzed mausoleum
Summary
Tombs are places where the remains of the dead are stored and include architectural shrines, burial vaults, church monuments, mausoleums and so on [1,2]. The methods used to evaluate the feng shui (geomantic) suitability of mausoleums are mainly qualitative [17,18,19], including the methods used by geomantic experts to obtain geomantic assessment results in the region of study through empirical judgments of the geomantic elements (“Long”, “Sha”, “Shui”, and “Xue”) in combination with the geographical environment in the field. The consideration of known mausoleum points, sunny slopes, and shaded slopes can be used as the basic criterion of "Xue" in feng shui applications These eight influencing factors (surface roughness, elevation, surface cutting depth, surface peaks, outfall, river system, slope, and aspect) can be used as geomantic suitability evaluation factors for mausoleums. Aspect Aspectthsciusanninndfyoisartmbnsienhdatgatwsiduhoeienaseddhncesabsldnoeutpsnbwleenoseypu;eetsnahsen;dids to desicnrfiboermthaeti“oXnucea”n be componeunsteidnttohde efescnrgibsehuthie of“mXauues”ocleoummpsonent in the feng shui of mau-
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