Abstract
Research on ecological total-factor energy efficiency (ETFEE) is conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction, and ecological protection. This paper focuses on the measurement and decomposition of the ETFEE in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China. In order to measure the ETFEE values, the window technology is combined with a nonradial and nonoriented SBM-undesirable model considering undesirable outputs to overcome the defect of insufficient data of research objects and ensure the calculation process to be implemented. The findings show that Beijing and Tianjin are DEA-efficient, while Hebei is not. The technological progress rates of Beijing and Tianjin reach up to 11.92% and 14.96%, while that of Hebei retrogresses by 4.47%. The scale efficiencies of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are 97.75%, 86.60%, and 93.81%, respectively, which means that there are potentials for further optimization in the energy structures. The impulse response results between the energy structure and the ETFEE show that the proportions of coal and petroleum have negative effects on the ETFEE, while that of natural gas has a positive effect. The research results can provide reference for decision makers to formulate regional development plans.
Highlights
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration is one of the top three world-class urban agglomerations in China, with a total area of 216,000 square kilometers (2.25% of the country’s land area) and a population of about 110 million (8.1% of the country’s total population), creating 9.46% of the gross domestic product, playing a very important role in China’s overall development strategy
E existing literature on the total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) in the BTH region has the following shortcomings: (1) the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method used in some studies failed to meet the empirical rule of thumb; (2) the effects of undesired outputs were not taken into account in some studies of energy efficiency; (3) almost none of the previous studies has comprehensively studied ecological total-factor energy efficiency (ETFEE) in BTH urban agglomeration in the context of energy supplyside structural reform; and (4) most studies directly take energy structure as one of the factors affecting energy efficiency without considering the lagged effect and dynamic influence between the energy structure and the energy efficiency
Window data processing technology makes the data used in this paper conform to the basic empirical rule of DEA application. e Spearman correlation test shows that the input and output variables selected in this study have strong correlation and can meet the analysis requirements
Summary
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration is one of the top three world-class urban agglomerations in China, with a total area of 216,000 square kilometers (2.25% of the country’s land area) and a population of about 110 million (8.1% of the country’s total population), creating 9.46% of the gross domestic product (source: China Statistical Yearbook 2019), playing a very important role in China’s overall development strategy. The economic and social development of BTH urban agglomeration has been achieved via large-scale yet inefficient consumption of energies. E importance of studying the ETFEE in BTH urban agglomeration under the background of supply-side structural reform can be represented in the following aspects: (1) be conducive to alleviating the pressure of Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society energy shortage. Increasing energy efficiency can help to reduce energy consumption, alleviate the pressure of energy shortage, and contribute to the realization of reliable energy supply in this region. Increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption will help to protect the ecological environment in the region. The study on the ETFEE in BTH urban agglomeration is of great practical and academic values for energy conservation, emission reduction, environmental protection, and even for sustainable development of economy and society in China
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