Abstract

The sustainable, low-energy, and cost-effective treatment of oily wastewater has become an important issue for aquatic ecosystems, environmental protection, and economic development. Improper treatment could have a significant impact on aquatic ecosystems, resulting in eutrophication and fish deaths. The method for preparing PVDF-CC by impregnation involves using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitosan, and sodium citrate. Moreover, these performance improvements can be achieved at a lower cost compared to using many other chemical agents in membrane processing.

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