Abstract
One of the main problems in large-scale biodiesel production is selection of suitable and economically viable heterogenous catalyst. This research work focuses on preparation of calcium oxide (CaO) as a catalyst for the effective conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel in pilot plant. When the calcinated CaO was treated with methanol, the modified catalyst exhibits increased surface area, increased specific basicity and decreased crystalline size compared to unmodified catalyst, it was confirmed by Fourier Transform Inferred Spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. High biodiesel yield of 92% with Calcinated CaO (C-CaO) and 96% with Activated CaO (A-CaO) was achieved under 80 °C with 3% catalyst (wt) and oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:06 at 400 rpm in 120 min. These optimized conditions were employed in 15 L pilot plant for biodiesel production. FTIR, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Thermogravimetry (TGA) studies were used to confirm the formation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) from WCO. Further, the physiochemical properties of produced biodiesel were analyzed and compared with (American Society for Testing and Materials) ASTM standards. Blending of biodiesel produced from waste material with petro-diesel considerably reduce the fuel cost, emissions also provide sustainable solution for management of fat-oil rich waste material.
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