Abstract
The structural damage of the lining structure at the entrance of a tunnel is the most common instability problem. The instability problem may cause dynamic effects such as earthquakes and blasting. Based on the seismic damage data collected from previous major earthquakes at the entrance of shallow-buried tunnel, the shaking table test and numerical simulation are used to analyze dynamic response characteristics and damage evolution characteristics of the tunnel in the shallow-buried hole at 30°. The study revealed the stress characteristics of tunnel lining and the mechanism of structural damage under earthquake excitation. The research results show that the biased tunnel (30°) is susceptible to damage on the unsymmetrical loading side, the biased ground surface leads to acceleration, and high speed also significantly increases the effect. The biased side leg of the tunnel lining cross section is a location with a large internal force distribution. The biased tunnel has a relatively unfavorable internal force value distribution and a larger peak, and the peak at the larger bias side has the largest peak value. The skewback and spandrel portion of the biased tunnel lining load are more likely to be damaged.
Highlights
Portal failure; rock falls; headwall damage; lining crack Rock falls; pavement uplift; lining crack; lining dislocation; cable trench; water leakage Portal failure; rock falls; headwall damage; lining crack; lining dislocation; water leakage Portal failure; headwall damage; lining crack; lining dislocation; cable trench; water leakage Portal failure; rock falls; lining crack; cable trench; water leakage portal failure; rock falls; headwall damage Rock falls; pavement uplift; lining crack; lining dislocation; cable trench (a)
Wang et al [21] carried out a large-scale shaking table model test of a small-clearance shallow-buried biased tunnel, finding that the acceleration amplification coefficient and change trend of the left-hole lining are quite different compared with the right-hole lining
A series of shaking table tests and numerical simulations were performed to the shallow-buried biased tunnels under seismic action
Summary
C is the similarity ratio of physical parameter between the model and the prototype, respectively. E subscripts m and p represent the model and prototype, respectively, and Cl, Cρ, and Ca represent the similarity ratios of geometry, density, and acceleration, respectively. The El-Centro wave is used as the input wave of the shaking table. E sensors used in shake table tests include accelerometers and strain gauges. E accelerometers and strain gauges were used to measure acceleration and strain on and around the tunnel lining, respectively. E accelerometer A01 is mounted directly on the shake table and keeps a record of the history of the input-based acceleration of the excitation. E accelerometers are arranged at the left- and right-arch shoulders above the tunnel lining; strain gauges are arranged at the left and right spandrel and skewback of the tunnel lining
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