Abstract
This work was designated to scrutinize the protein differential expression in natural selenium-enriched and non-selenium-enriched rice using the Isobaric-tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomics approach. The extracted proteins were subjected to enzyme digestion, desalting, and identified by iTRAQ coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology. High pH C18 separation analysis was performed, and the data were then analyzed by Protein PilotTM (V4.5) search engine. Protein differential expression was searched out by comparing relatively quantified proteins. The analysis was conducted using gene ontology (GO), cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways. A total of 3235 proteins were detected and 3161 proteins were quantified, of which 401 were differential proteins. 208 down-regulated and 193 up-regulated proteins were unveiled. 77 targeted significant differentially expressed proteins were screened out for further analysis, and were classified into 10 categories: oxidoreductases, transferases, isomerases, heat shock proteins, lyases, hydrolases, ligases, synthetases, tubulin, and actin. The results indicated that the anti-stress, anti-oxidation, active oxygen metabolism, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism of natural selenium-enriched rice was higher than that of non-selenium rice. The activation of the starch synthesis pathway was found to be bounteous in non-selenium-enriched rice. Cysteine synthase (CYS) and methyltransferase (metE) might be the two key proteins that cause amino acid differences. OsAPx02, CatC, riPHGPX, HSP70 and HSP90 might be the key enzymes regulating antioxidant and anti-stress effect differences in two types of rice. This study provides basic information about deviations in protein mechanism and secondary metabolites in selenium-enriched and non-selenium-enriched rice.
Highlights
Selenium (Se) has many effects on the growth and development of plants
The material (S3057) was tested by the Rice Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Chendu, Sichuan, China) and 0.046 mg kg−1 of Se content was found to have accumulated in polished rice, which meets the national standard of rich-Se paddy, that is, 0.04–0.30 mg kg−1 (GB/T 22499-2008)
A quantitative proteomics study was conducted on rice, based on Isobaric-tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology, to find out the difference between natural Se-enriched and non-Se-enriched rice at proteome differential expression levels
Summary
Selenium (Se) has many effects on the growth and development of plants. It regulates photosynthesis, respiration, enhances stress resistance, and attenuates the damage of free radicals, while mitigating the toxic effects of heavy metals [1,2,3]. Foliar Se application, soil treatment and seed dressing methods can be deployed to enrich plants with Se. each method has its own restrictions. A number of methods are implemented to enrich plants with Se (i.e., soil Se treatment, seed dressing and foliar Se fertilization). The success rate by the seed dressing Se application method is limited, and dosage is difficult to control. This method found a significant difference in Se distribution in the various organs of rice plants, and relatively low Se content in rice grains [8]. The fertilizer efficiency by foliar spray method is short—it cannot be applied in rainy or windy conditions It results in easy leaching by rainwater, leading to contamination of the surrounding environment
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