Abstract
An electrically heated catalyst (EHC) and an electric pump driven secondary air supply were employed to heat and energize the catalyst immediately after starting the engine. This measure made it possible for a high performance in-line four-cylinder engine with an exhaust system layout of 4-2-1 to meet the Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV) category of the Californian Air Resource Board (CARB). Additionally, the following items are also reported in this paper: (1) light-off catalyst and its effectiveness in reduced emissions and rise in temperature; (2) comparison between alternator-powered EHC system and battery powered EHC system; (3) comparison between extrusion type and metal foil type EHCs; (4) power losses due to the EHC system; (5) EHC with non-contact Hall element electric current sensor used, and an OBD-2 system featuring a secondary air supply system; and (6) detection of the EHC system OBD-2 catalyst deterioration.
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