Abstract
This paper studies the process mineralogy, mechanism, and kinetics of column leaching behavior of low-grade high-calcium–magnesium copper ore. The effect of sulfuric acid concentration, leach solution spraying intensity, and material particle size on column leaching kinetics is discussed. The kinetic analysis of column leaching of copper indicates that sulfuric acid concentration has a significant impact. As sulfuric acid concentration increases, the limiting step of reaction shifts from chemical reaction control to a combination of chemical reaction and diffusion mixing control. Spraying intensity also affects copper column leaching; increasing intensity shifts the limiting step from diffusion control to mixing control, thereby mitigating the effects of diffusion control. Regarding other elements, it is found that iron leaching is primarily controlled by chemical reaction, while calcium leaching is mainly controlled by chemical reaction. As sulfuric acid concentration increases from 10 g/L to 20 g/L, the limiting step for calcium leaching shifts from chemical reaction control to chemical reaction and diffusion-mixing control.
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