Study on clinical characteristics and some risk factors for preeclampsia

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a complex disease caused by pregnancy, with many complications for both mother and fetus, but there is no specific treatment. The purpose of the study is to describe clinical characteristics and survey some risk factors for preeclampsia. Materials and methods: The case-control study included 205 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 205 pregnant women without preeclampsia. Results: In the preeclampsia group, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and BMI were 154.9 ± 15.5 mmHg, 96.0 ± 9.7 mmHg and 23.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2, respectively; edema (58.5%), history of preeclampsia (14.1%), early-onset preeclampsia (28.8%) and severe preeclampsia (42.4%). Early onset increased the risk of severe preeclampsia with OR = 3.98 (95% CI: 2.10 - 7.55). 10.8% had complications, in the mother including HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, coagulation disorders and in the fetus including fetal distress, intrauterine growth retardation and premature birth. Maternal age ≥ 35 years old, history of miscarriage, BMI were associated with preeclampsia, with OR 3.36 (95% CI: 2.06 - 5.46); 1.67 (95% CI: 1.04 - 2.67); 6.66 (95% CI: 4.19 - 10.59), respectively. Conclusion: Severe preeclampsia accounted for a high rate, was associated with early onset, and complications were recorded in both mother and fetus. Maternal age, history of miscarriage and overweight were factors that increase the risk of preeclampsia. Key words: Preeclampsia, eclampsia, blood pressure, HELLP, risk factors.