Abstract
This study presents the results obtained from the studies carried out to find out the response of Meloidogyne graminicola to different rice varieties and to different soil amendments when applied with and without NPK fertilizer in young rice plants. The use of soil amendments such as poultry manure and cow dung significantly reduced the nematode population, the total percentage of yellow leaves and dead leaves and significantly increased the plant growth. Two varieties namely, Bg 300 and Bg 352 were found to be immune for M. graminicola not allowing the nematodes to penetrate the roots. The varieties Bg 350, Bg 356, Bg 357 and Bg 360 were categorized as resistant. These varieties allowed the nematodes to penetrate the roots, but the development and the reproduction of the nematodes were not permitted. The varieties Bg 11, Bg 351, and Bg 358 were found to be susceptible for the nematode, M. graminicola of which Bg 351 is highly susceptible host with high rate of reproduction while Bg 358 and Bg 11 are less susceptible with low rate of reproduction of the nematode. This study also revealed that the young plants of susceptible varieties were unable to compensate the nematode damage under unfertilized conditions. Keywords: root-knot nematode; Meloidogyne graminicola; Oryza sativa; management DOI: 10.4038/josuk.v3i0.2736J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 3 (2007) : 29-46
Highlights
Meloidogyne graminicola, the root-knot nematode is an obligate parasite of rice, Oryza sativa
Poultry manure +Soil (PM)=poultry manure, Hay material +Soil (HM)= hay material without NPK, Hay material +Soil + NPK (HMNPK)= hay material with NPK, Cow dung + Soil (CD)= cow-dung without NPK, Cow dung + Soil +NPK (CDNPK)= cow-dung with NPK, Soil + NPK (SNPK)= soil with NPK, S= Soil without NPK
The highest nematode population (535) and gall index (110) were recorded in the soil treatments in absence of both amendments and NPK fertilization (S). This was followed by the same treatment but with NPK fertilization (SNPK), cow-dung with NPK (CDNPK), hay material without NPK (HM), hay material with NPK (HMNPK) and cow-dung without NPK (CD)
Summary
Meloidogyne graminicola, the root-knot nematode is an obligate parasite of rice, Oryza sativa. The second stage juvenile that hatches under favourable temperature and moisture conditions remain in the maternal gall or migrate inter-cellularly through the cortical tissues to new feeding sites within the same root (Bridge et al, 1990). This behaviour appears to be an adaptation by M. graminicola to flooded conditions enabling it to continue multiplying within the host tissue even when roots are deeply covered by water. This nematode can survive in water logged soil as eggs in egg masses or as juveniles for long periods and quickly invade when infested soils are drained (Bridge et al, 1990). M. graminicola can be spreaded through contaminated farm equipment, utensils, workers foot, seedlings and through alternative host plants
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