Abstract
Aim: Dental cements are used extensively in various dental restorative procedures and are susceptible to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Streptococcus mutans are the causative organism for dental caries and associated problems. This study aimed to develop an antibacterial activity for four types of dental cements by incorporating the leaves, fruit, and bark extract of the Ziziphus spina-christi, a well-known medicinal plant found mainly in the Middle East region. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted by using a systematic sampling method. A total of 312 samples were prepared for both control and test groups for this study. Negative control samples were prepared using four dental cements alone (n = 24) and positive control (n = 72) using gentamicin incorporated into these four different types of dental cements. The collected plant materials were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with methanol as a solvent. Obtained extracts were incorporated in various percentages (5, 10, and 15 wt%) into dental cements to prepare test samples (n = 216). Antibacterial efficacy of the extracts selected was measured by using well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of all the prepared samples was measured using the disk-diffusion method. The null hypothesis was that the extract incorporation did not inhibit bacterial growth on the selected dental cements. Results were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison tests using GraphPad InStat software. Level of significance was set at P = 0.05. Results: All extracts showed antibacterial activity for gentamicin. Zone produced was superior for leaf extract compared to stem and fruit extract (P < 0.001). Negative control samples showed bacterial growth. The test samples did not support bacterial growth. However, the inhibition zone was absent. Conclusion: Ziziphus spina plant extracts can inhibit the growth on S. mutans. The efficacy of each extracts against the bacteria was varied.
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