Abstract
Biofilm produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DT was reported to be able to remove crystal violet from water. However, there is no report on the ability of biofilm to remove other dyes. Here, we used methyl blue (MB; anionic) and malachite green (MG; cationic) as model dyes and investigated the behaviors and mechanisms of their adsorption by bacterial biofilm. Biofilm surface morphology, functional groups, and chemical constituents were characterized. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results demonstrated that the relevant adsorptive functional groups were CN bond/NH3− and CN bond/OP(C)O− for MB and MG adsorption, respectively. Isothermic and kinetic models revealed that biofilm adsorbs MB heterogeneously via chemisorption and intraparticle diffusion. In contrast, biofilm adsorbs MG mainly by physical interaction. Biofilm adsorption capacities were substantially higher than those for most other adsorbents. Hence, biofilm is promising as an anionic and cationic dye adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
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