Abstract
In view of the pollution problems related to using oil-based drilling fluids, we prepared a new environmentally friendly synthetic fluid, namely, NSF, for use in synthetic-based drilling fluid instead. We used heavy hydrocarbons from Daqing as raw material in our preparation and employed few-steps refining techniques, such as hydrodesulfurization, hydrodearomatization, and hydrogenation. After the treatment, the sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbon contents in the NSF were <0.5 mg/L, meeting international environmental standards. NSF is composed mainly of C12-C22 hydrocarbons, and is characterized by low impurity content, small specific gravity, and easy degradation. In addition, the LC50 value is >1,000,000 mg/L water-soluble fraction; therefore, its toxicity is <10% of that of diesel in oil-based drilling fluid and, as the flash point of NSF is about 134°C, the related fire hazard is low. The synthetic-based drilling fluid with NSF has the advantage of causing no swelling damage to the reservoir, and saves the cost of drilling fluid because it doesn't need to deal with the environmental problems (the sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbon contents were <0.5 mg/L) and field problems caused by the reaction between drilling fluid and reservoir, and greatly increases the ROP through reducing the drill pipe sticking and with C12-C22 hydrocarbons in synthetic-based fluid, and safely uses, and has stable drilling fluid performances which are flash point (134°C) and low fire hazard. We have therefore achieved our aim of preparing a high-quality and non-toxic synthetic fluid, of which the aromatic hydrocarbon and sulfur contents meet international standards. Using this synthetic-based drilling fluid therefore facilitates environment protection drilling.
Highlights
The drilling fluids that commonly used in the oil field can be divided into water-based drilling fluid, oil-based drilling fluid and synthetic-based drilling fluid according to their properties
To ensure that the performance of the synthetic-based drilling fluid with the designed synthetic fluid meets the drilling requirements, a synthetic based drilling fluid is formulated with additives, such as viscosifier, emulsifier, and fluid loss control agent, etc
Our experimental results showed that the synthetic-based drilling fluid has good rheological property and a low filtration rate
Summary
The drilling fluids that commonly used in the oil field can be divided into water-based drilling fluid, oil-based drilling fluid and synthetic-based drilling fluid according to their properties. Water-based drilling fluid is one of the earliest used systems in drilling. With the increasing complexity of drilling conditions, water-based drilling fluids with high temperature resistance, high density, and strong inhibitor are gradually studied, such as using nanomaterials to replace KCl and produce a new kind of inhibitor which can reduce drilling and disposal cost. Some researchers reported a novel kind of water-soluble acrylic acid grafted activated carbon and Cetyltrimethylammonium. New Environmentally Friendly Synthetic Fluid modified grapheme which can reduce water invasion and protect the clay from water. For drilling long sections in wellbore, it still can cost much and cause environmental problems. It is always a problem to find biogradable materials and nanomaterials which are good for environment and reservoir (Saleh and Ibrahim, 2019; Ibrahim and Saleh, 2020; Rana et al, 2020)
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