Abstract
Weeds are one of the major threats to the natural environment. They are destroying native habitats, threatening native plants and animals, and choking our natural systems including rivers and forests. Aiming to explore the existing situation of weed infestation and assessing its impact, present research work was conducted in south Punjab region, focusing on District Layyah and Muzaffargarh. Weed flora of wheat crop at 3 sites i.e. Nawan Kot, Fethpur, and Karor Lal-e-son in district Layyah; and three sites (Kot Addu, Chowk Sarwar Shaheed, and Sultan Nagar) in district Muzaffargarh was observed using quadrat method. Ten quadrats measuring 1.0 m2 were randomly selected to record the data. From each quadrat soil samples (from top 3 cm) were also taken. Different ecological parameters (i. e. Frequency (%) density (%), (%), relative density (%), relative frequency (%) and important value (%) were worked out using proper formulae. Weed species related to 9 families were classified into different frequency classes. Two most important families of these sites were found Poaceae and Papilionaceae each one represented by four species. Chenopodium album, Cynodon dactylon and Anagallis arvensis were observed the most frequent species at these sites.
Highlights
Weeds are known as unwanted plants which by competing with our cultivated crop plants hamper their growth and their yield
The data relating to density, frequency, relative density and relative frequency of weed infesting of wheat at this site have been given in Table 1 & 2
The data relating to density, frequency, relative density and relative frequency of weed infesting of wheat at this site have been given in Table 3 & 4
Summary
Weeds are known as unwanted plants which by competing with our cultivated crop plants hamper their growth and their yield. They may belong to any specific plant family. It has been estimated that approximately 30,000 species of related to both monocot as well as dicot families are currently existing worldwide. Among these 250 weed species commonly infest the agricultural crops throughout the world. They can reduce the crop yield considerably by hampering the vegetative growth of plants as they exert extensive exploitive competitive effect
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