Study of Water and Soil Pollution Status of Eastern and Western Coastal Zone to identify one Mangrove species as biomarker for high salinity and heavy metals

Abstract

World’s richest productive ecosystem is the coastal zone. Its richness attracted high human population growth in coastal areas resulting in deforestation for establishment of industries, tourism, port and disposal ground of waste. In the East Coastal Zone 9 rivers, including Gang-Hooghly river system fall into Bay of Bengal adding about 21, 660 m3/day of waste and 21.0152 MT/day of solid waste which finally goes to Sunderban area polluting marine water, soil and plant population. Similarly, in the Western Coastal Zone, 11 major ports and about 10,000 ships per year continuously polluting water, soil and flora and fauna. The water, soil status of Eastern and Western zone from different identified location indicated high salinity C.O.D., B.O.D., pH. For those area, the mangrove, Avicennia officianalis is identified as bio-marker and hyper heavy metal accumulator for salinity and heavy metals.