Abstract
Distributed Energy Resources might have a severe influence on Power Line Communications, as they can generate interfering signals and high frequency emissions or supraharmonics that may cause loss of metering and control data. In this paper, the influence of various energy resources on Narrowband Power Line Communications is described and analyzed through several test measurements performed in a real microgrid. Accordingly, the paper describes the effects on smart metering communications through the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer analysis. Results show that the switching frequency of inverters and the presence of battery chargers are remarkable sources of disturbance in low voltage distribution networks. In this sense, the results presented can contribute to efforts towards standardization and normative of emissions at higher frequencies higher, such as CENELEC EN 50160 and IEC/TS 62749.
Highlights
With the increasing development of the Distributed Generation (DG) and Distributed Storage (DS), the role of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) is taking more relevance
Regarding DERs, their negative influence in Power Line Communications (PLC) may be higher, due to distributed location of these devices, in many cases close to the homes or even within the home of the prosumers, and close to the smart meters. It has been barely addressed and more empirical tests are needed; as an example, studies of the influence of some other DERs such as hydropower systems or battery charges in PLC have not been found in the literature. This effect becomes crucial in microgrids, where DERs are located near the PLC equipment, and data provided by smart meters is important for the proper management of the power balance between generation, storage and consumption
State.If If the communication capabilities of a Service Node (SN) are affected by noise disturbances, the BN can decide to promote a neighbor SN from terminal a SN are affected by noise disturbances, the BN can decide to promote a neighbor SN from terminal to to switch state in order to ensure the communication between the affected SN and the BN
Summary
With the increasing development of the Distributed Generation (DG) and Distributed Storage (DS), the role of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) is taking more relevance. The switching frequency of the converters present in much grid-connected equipment is commonly within the 2–150 kHz range [4] This situation directly affects to upcoming electricity paradigms, such as SGs and microgrids, which will encounter more problems in the 2–150 kHz range due to the increasing number of renewable energy resources, and demand for energy efficiency; increasing capacitive behavior of the loads and an unavoidable need for communications. It has been barely addressed and more empirical tests are needed; as an example, studies of the influence of some other DERs such as hydropower systems or battery charges in PLC have not been found in the literature This effect becomes crucial in microgrids, where DERs are located near the PLC equipment, and data provided by smart meters is important for the proper management of the power balance between generation, storage and consumption. The results presented here are a valuable contribution regarding the actual efforts towards standardization and normative of emissions at frequencies higher than harmonics, such as CENELEC EN 50160 and IEC/TS 62749 [8]
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