Abstract
In this work, the physicochemical properties and in vitro bioactivity and cellular viability of two commercially available bovine bone blocks (allografts materials) with different fabrication processes (sintered and not) used for bone reconstruction were evaluated in order to study the effect of the microstructure in the in vitro behavior. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, mechanical resistance of blocks, mercury porosimetry analysis, in vitro bioactivity, and cell viability and proliferation were performed to compare the characteristics of both allograft materials against a synthetic calcium phosphate block used as a negative control. The herein presented results revealed a very dense structure of the low-porosity bovine bone blocks, which conferred the materials’ high resistance. Moreover, relatively low gas, fluid intrusion, and cell adhesion were observed in both the tested materials. The structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of both ceramic blocks (sintered and not) were similar. Finally, the bioactivity, biodegradability, and also the viability and proliferation of the cells was directly related to the physicochemical properties of the scaffolds.
Highlights
In severely atrophic jaws, reconstructive bone surgery needs block grafting, especially in cases where the resorption of the edentulous maxilla can create a reverse maxillomandibular relation or an increased vertical distance between the jaws [1]
The commercial biomaterials showed the typical bands caused by hydroxyapatite, which was the major portion of the components in bovine bone: 1125–1040 cm−1 (ν3); 963 cm−1 (ν1), and between 550 and
Bovine bone 1 presented higher andthe crystal better-resolved peaks, which indicate a material with crystallinity, calculated cell parameters of a value of size of the bovine bone 2 ceramic resulted in 181 Å, with an estimated crystallinity degree
Summary
Reconstructive bone surgery needs block grafting, especially in cases where the resorption of the edentulous maxilla can create a reverse maxillomandibular relation or an increased vertical distance between the jaws [1]. In these situations, the main advantages presented by Materials 2019, 12, 452; doi:10.3390/ma12030452 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials. Efforts are being invested to develop alternative synthetic materials to recover or replace damaged tissues [6,7] In this context, xenogenous and synthetic allogenic bone substitutes have been proposed as an alternative to autogenous grafts [8]
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