Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we sought to investigate the dynamic changes in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1βand LPS in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis (PD). Additionally, we evaluated alveolar bone loss and the histopathological response associated with experimental diabetes mellitus and experimental periodontitis.METHODS: DM and PD were induced together in 15 rats (group 1) by streptozotocin injection and ligature induction. Periodontitis alone was produced by ligature induction in 15 rats (group 2), diabetes alone was produced by streptozotocin injection in 15 rats (group 3), and fifteen systemically and periodontally healthy rats were used as controls (group 4). The gingival TNF-α, IL-1βand LPS levels were measured by using ELISA method. Periodontal destruction was assessed by measuring the alveolar bone loss. Periodontal inflammation was quantified by histopathological grading in H&E stained samples.RESULTS: Higher levels of TNF-α, IL1-β and LPS, increased alveolar bone loss and more serve histopathology were found in group 1 compared with group 2, group 3 and group 4 (p< 0.05). The quantities of TNF-α, IL1-βand LPS, the amount of alveolar bone loss and the severity of the histopathological finding were greater in group 2 than group 3 and group 4 (p< 0.05). Group 3 demonstrated higher levels of TNF-α, IL1-βand LPS, increased alveolar bone loss and more serve histopathology than group 4 (p< 0.05). Statistically significant differences were noted between all of the groups.CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that DM may lead to enhanced TNF-α, IL1-βand LPS production in the periodontal tissues. The resorption values of alveolar bone and the histological inflammation were more severe in rats with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus than in those with periodontitis alone, diabetes mellitus alone and control rats. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperglycemia contributes to the heightened inflammatory response associated with periodontitis.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are both chronic inflammatory disorders that have a major impact on the health of millions of individuals worldwide.Periodontal disease is a recognized and well-documented complication of diabetes
The key findings of the present study was that rats with PD and diabetes mellitus (DM) had high levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and LPS in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as well as substantial resorption of the alveolar bone and histological inflammation
GCF is derived from the periodontal tissues, and its analysis provides an early indication of biochemical changes in the tissues that will manifest as a clinical lesion
Summary
Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are both chronic inflammatory disorders that have a major impact on the health of millions of individuals worldwide. Periodontal disease is a recognized and well-documented complication of diabetes. The evidence supporting this relationship is based on epidemiologic data and animal model studies that have helped to explain the pathophysiology of periodontal disease as a complication of diabetes mellitus [1]. Periodontal disease was proposed as the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Jiang et al / Study of TNF-α, IL-1β and LPS levels in the gingival crevicular fluid tus. This bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus makes diabetes a disorder of importance to dentists and dental hygienists as well as dental patients
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